WEB标准不是某一个标准，而是一系列标准的集合。网页主要由三部分组成：结构（Structure）、表现（Presentation）和行为（Behavior）。对应的标准也分三方面：结构化标准语言主要包括XHTML和XML，表现标准语言主要包括CSS，行为标准主要包括对象模型（? W3C DOM）、ECMAScript等。这些标准大部分由W3C起草和发布，也有一些是其他标准组织制订的标准，比如ECMA （European Computer Manufacturers Association）的ECMAScript标准。我们来简单了解一下这些标准：
1．结构标准语言
?）XML
XML?The Extensible Markup Language(可扩展标识语言)的简写。目前推荐遵循的是W3C?000?0?日发布的 XML1.0，参考（www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-XML-20001006）?a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=和HTML \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=和HTML'" tppabs="http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=和HTML" target="_blank" title="和HTML">和HTML一样，XML同样来源于SGML，但XML 是一种能定义其他语言的语。XML最初设计的目的是弥补HTML的不足，以强大的扩展性满足网络信息发布的需要，后来逐渐用于网络数据的转换和描述。关?XML的好处和技术规范细节这里就不多说了，网上有很多资料，也有很多书籍可以参考?
??a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=XHTML \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=XHTML'" tppabs="http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=XHTML" target="_blank" title="XHTML">XHTML
XHTML 是The Extensible HyperText Markup Language可扩展标识语言的缩写。目前推荐遵循的是W3C?000??26日推荐XML1.0（参考http: //www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1）。XML虽然数据转换能力强大，完全可以替代HTML，但面对成千上万已有的站点，直接采用XML还为时过早。因此，我们在HTML4.0的基础上，用XML的规则对其进行扩展，得到?a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=XHTML \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=XHTML'" tppabs="http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=XHTML" target="_blank" title="XHTML">XHTML。简单的说，建立 XHTML的目的就是实现HTML向XML的过渡?
2. 表现标准语言
CSS?Cascading Style Sheets层叠样式表的缩写。目前推荐遵循的是W3C?998??2日推?a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=CSS \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=CSS'" tppabs="http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=CSS" target="_blank" title="CSS">CSS2（参考http: //www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/）。W3C创建CSS标准的目的是?a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=CSS \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=CSS'" tppabs="http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=CSS" target="_blank" title="CSS">CSS?a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=代HTML \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon. \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=代HTML'" tppabs="http://www.jian-zhi.net.cn/page/article/search.asp?query=代HTML" target="_blank" title="代HTML">代HTML表格式布局、帧和其他表现的语言。纯CSS布局与结构式XHTML相结合能帮助设计师分离外观与结构，使站点的访问及维护更加容易?
3.行为标准
?）DOM
DOM 是Document Object Model文档对象模型的缩写。根据W3C DOM规范（http://www.w3.org/DOM/）， DOM 是一种与浏览器，平台，语言的接口，使得你可以访问页面其他的标准组件。简单理解，DOM解决了Netscaped的Javascript? Microsoft的Jscript之间的冲突，给予web设计师和开发者一个标准的方法，让他们来访问他们站点中的数据、脚本和表现层对像?
(2) ECMAScript
ECMAScript 是ECMA(European Computer Manufacturers Association)制定的标准脚本语言（JAVAScript）。目前推荐遵循的是ECMAScript 262（http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ECMA-262.HTM）?/p>